kali 更新源 sources.list以及apt-get 相关命令说明

一、设置更新源

网上给出的更新源，只有新加坡的更新源是可以更新到源文件的。其他国内源可以作为补充，不过新加坡的源速度也不是很快。

更多环境配置内容，可以参考在线视频：http://edu.51cto.com/lesson/id-34754.html

#官方源
deb http://http.kali.org/kali kali main non-free contrib
deb-src http://http.kali.org/kali kali main non-free contrib
deb http://security.kali.org/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free 

#中科大kali源
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali kali main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali kali main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free

#新加坡kali源
deb http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/kali/kali/ kali main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/kali/kali/ kali main non-free contrib
deb http://security.kali.org/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/kali/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/kali/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free

#debian_wheezy国内源

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/debian wheezy main non-free contrib
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/debian wheezy main non-free contrib 
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/debian wheezy-proposed-updates main non-free contrib 
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/debian wheezy-proposed-updates main non-free contrib 
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/debian-security wheezy/updates main non-free contrib 
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/debian-security wheezy/updates main non-free contrib 
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy main non-free contrib 
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy main non-free contrib 
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy-proposed-updates main non-free contrib 
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy-proposed-updates main non-free contrib 
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security wheezy/updates main non-free contrib 
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security wheezy/updates main non-free contrib

二、更新

对软件进行一次整体更新：

apt-get update 

apt-get upgrade

apt-get dist-upgrade 

apt-get clean

三、关于apt-get相关命令说明

四、update upgrade dist-upgrade区别与联系

update是第一步找出哪些需要升级

upgrade:系统将现有的Package升级,如果有相依性的问题,而此相依性需要安装其它新的

Package或影响到其它Package的相依性时,此Package就不会被升级,会保留下来. 

dist-upgrade:可以聪明的解决相依性的问题,如果有相依性问题,需要安装/移除新的Package,

就会试着去安装/移除它. 

(所以通常这个会被认为是有点风险的升级) 

apt-get upgrade 和 apt-get dist-upgrade 本质上是没有什么不同的。

只不过，dist-upgrade 

会识别出当依赖关系改变的情形并作出处理，而upgrade对此情形不处理。

upgrade: 

upgrade is used to install the newest versions of all packages currently installed on the 

system from the sources enumerated in /etc/apt/sources.list. Packages currently 

installed with new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no 

circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages not already 

installed retrieved and installed. New versions of currently installed packages 

that cannot be upgraded without changing the install status of another package 

will be left at their current version. 

An update must be performed first so that 

apt-get knows that new versions of packages are available. 

dist-upgrade: dist-upgrade in addition to performing 

the function of upgrade, also intelligently handles changing dependencies with 

new versions of packages; apt-get has a "smart" conflict resolution system, and 

it will attempt to upgrade the most important packages at the expense of less